Target 8.2: Higher productivity through diversification and innovation
Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
Owners remove an obstacle nothing else removes. Others must also act.
Why shareholder democracy is necessary
Global R&D reached about USD 2.75 trillion in 2023. In innovation-leading economies the private sector funds the large majority of it, 92 percent in Israel. Listed technology, manufacturing and pharmaceutical firms are therefore the main engine of technological upgrading. UNIDO finds industrial firms hold about 60 percent of green patents worldwide, making corporate R&D and capex choices a necessary input. Governments still supply skills, infrastructure and industrial policy. Corporate lobbying on trade, tax and industrial policy shapes the diffusion of technology, but the documented shareholder-voting channel on productivity per se is thin. Owners supply a necessary input, and governments must also act.
How this was scoredNecessary
Necessary. Owners remove an obstacle nothing else removes. Others must also act.
We have not yet written down the two answers behind this rating. Recording them on every item, so a reader can check the reasoning and not only the conclusion, is work in progress.
Every rating is the higher of two answers, one for what companies do and one for what they spend to stop the outcome, because the same vote reaches both. See the full method.
Sources
No shareholder advocacy found yet
We looked and found nothing that met our standard, which is a source we opened and confirmed. No shareholder proposal or investor engagement located on corporate productivity, diversification or innovation as such; the rationale itself notes the voting channel on productivity is thin. Web search was unavailable for this batch.
Related subjects on other maps
How this rating was made
Every item on every one of our maps is read against one question: how far does this depend on the people who own companies voting their values? We answer it twice, once for what companies do and once for what they spend to stop the outcome, and take whichever answer is higher, since the same vote reaches both. The score carries its reasoning and its sources so that a reader can check it rather than take it.
- Pivotal. Owners voting their values can deliver most of the outcome.
- Necessary. Owners remove an obstacle nothing else removes, and others must also act.
- Helpful. Owners voting their values help, and others carry most of it.
- Independent. This moves without owners. Other levers carry it.
The advocacy record on this page holds only what a source we opened says happened. Where we searched and found nothing, the page says so rather than leaving a silence. Where a campaign names a filer the source does not name, it says that too. Ratings are ours; the list of subjects is UN Sustainable Development Goals's, and we link to their original.
How we score dependency, in full.